No-Mow Easy Lawns

Rich and green, but Eco-lawn low water: Courtesy of Eco-lawn

No matter whether you are experiencing the effects of a drought or not, with the escalating demands on our current water resources, water is likely to become more and more of an issue as time goes on. Efficient water management needs to become a way of life just about everywhere. Clearly those drier areas of the country are the first to feel the pinch, but good water management is becoming critical worldwide. And all ecological systems on this planet are connected so eventually the treatment of one area is likely to affect the next.

Even if you are not focusing on the environmental impact of growing lawns, you can certainly consider escalating water bills, and all that time and expense you’ll be putting in just for the honor of having to mow your lawn regularly. Wouldn’t it be nice to be able to live with the easy maintenance of minimal mowing or no mowing at all?

There are so many ways we can rethink how we design and build our landscapes to keep them beautiful, useful, productive and eco-friendly. You can set your landscape up to collect and recycle rain. Store energy from wind or solar collectors. Build with recycled materials. Or try out so many of the new designs and products on the market. But you can start sustainable gardening gently without spending a lot of money or making major changes in your landscape with one simple step. Start off by converting your high-maintenance lawn into a no mow, easy care , yet decorative part of your yard.

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Look into the right kind of lawn to grow in your geographic area. There are lawns that grow with little water and so low that they never need mowing. Two examples would be Buffalo grass (Buchloe) and Blue Grama grass. There are also special lawn mixtures that are now available to create the ideal, eco-friendly grass with minimum water use and easy maintenance. Eco-lawn is one of the fast-growing products that is offering an effective product for people everywhere who want to maintain a well-balanced, water-wise lawn.

Reducing your lawn area to a space where the lawn is actively useful rather than just filling in open spaces with lawn as a default will also help. Or consider replacing your whole lawn with a lovely garden that is well adapted to your local climate, including some of your more showy native plants or filling in open areas with wildflowers. Even large properties can sport designs that factor in areas of lawn complemented by other ground cover and garden areas. Good design can make no-mowing into an asset to your garden. Even smaller-sized gardens can make better use of landscape space by adding herb gardens, play areas, vegetable gardens and flower gardens. Rather than just filling in pars of your landscape with vast stretches of lawn, consider adding permeable paving, paths, eco-friendly and low growing patches of lawn and decorative or productive garden areas. You can make so much more out of your garden by reducing or replacing your high-maintenance lawn with a no-mow alternative.

Then, if you discover you become as fascinated by the all the exciting possibilities of sustainable landscaping, you might want to start learning about some of the many other ways you can adapt your garden to better eco-efficiency.

Example of a no-mow Eco-lawn: unmowed

No-mow drought-tolerant garden: Photo by Jane Gates

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Pavers, Stepping Stones, Cast Concrete or Flagstone

Flowers and pup enjoying large flagstone stepping stones: Photo by Jane Gates

One way to make your garden more artistic and practical without spending a lot of money is to use pavers, stepping stones, cast brick, blocks or flagstone.

Pavers and stepping stones are ideal to make pathways throughout the landscape. They are decorative, make passage easier and save wear and tear on lawns. You can use them together to construct patio areas, too.  Paving with stepping stones, cast block and other pieced materials is a trend that is growing in popularity.  These materials offer a form of permeable paving that is proving to be a better way to hardscape than pouring  large, solid, flat concrete areas. They are better for drainage when it rains, easier to install and are more flexible since you can change your mind at any time and move the materials to get the effects you want. And with good designing, pavers and stepping stones can create decorative highlights in your landscape.

Avoid straight lines unless the theme of your garden is formal or geometrical. Allow your pathways to curve and meander. And make sure they lead somewhere. Paths that lead nowhere are not very useful and can look downright silly. Paths can be used to break up large spaces and long garden areas. You can use them to lead you to convenient areas for utility servicing or plant maintenance. They make the passageway to a shed, water feature or another structure into something decorative as well as practical. And a slightly curved pathway up to a bench or hammock creates an irresistible invitation to relax in the landscape. Even if you don’t have the proper layout for building paths, you can still use pavers and stepping stones to outline boundaries of different parts of your landscape or cluster them to crate a patio area.

Stepping stones and pavers can be made of an assortment of materials. You can find simple cast concrete rounds or squares at the local home stores or check into specialty shops to find designs for just about any taste. Flip through catalogs to discover artistic stepping stones for sale. Brick can be set in groups creating patterns or laid in rows to make a path. Flagstones are ready-made pavers that offer the beauty of natural stone. Stone can also be cut into whatever shapes you want. Or you can pour concrete to make large stepping stones in a variety of designs. Additional interest can be created by coloring, stamping or adding patterns to the cement before it dries. Even slices of tree trunks make rounds and can be used as stepping surfaces that will eventually break down over time. But they give a great woodsy feel for years. And they are an ornamental and useful way to recycle a fallen or cut tree while saving on the cost of haul-away.

To use stepping stones in the landscape creatively, you can use a mixture of colored pieces or even materials to invent pictures or designs. These will function like mosaic flooring. Another possibility is to lay sections that alternate with two or three different materials creating a checkerboard, stripes or other patters. Or you can outline one material with another for effect. In short, the ways to make your design into art with various materials is completely up to you.

You might find interesting pre-designed stepping stones available in a variety of stores that carry hand-crafted items as well as at your local gardening suppliers. If you want to shop on the Internet or flip through catalogs, you will find all kinds of stepping stones from hand-painted designs of your favorite theme to elaborately sculpted stones with interesting materials embedded. I have a friend who has collected hers from various craft fairs. Another makes her own by pressing stained glass into cast concrete rounds before the cement hardens. You can even find an interesting assortment of stepping stones, rock and pre-cast cement pavers at the big home stores. For those of you who can paint, look for outdoor paints and personalize inexpensive generic materials to make them unique or turn them into works of art.

You can use a group of materials like bricks to make a section that reads as one big stepping stone, or you can separate your materials like single chunks of flagstone. If you are into making crafts, there are lots of ways to cast, cut and create your own stepping stones. You can make molds and cast plaster or cement. Adding pieces of pottery or pressing in your children’s handprints are a couple of ways you can make your pavers unique. Use your imagination to design and create your own effects with pavers, stepping stones, cast concrete or flagstone.

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Add a water feature to your landscape

Lily Pond

Lily pond

A water feature can add a lovely focal point to your landscape. The sound of water adds cooling to warm days and creates a soothing, calming effect at any time. Whether you choose a simple fountain or a bird bath to attract colorful wildlife or go for a more elaborate pondless waterfall, a stream, pond or even a small lake, a water feature can transform the ordinary landscape into something unique and splendid.

Before you jump into adding a water feature to your garden, think a bit about what is appropriate for both your landscape and your lifestyle. No matter what sales talk you hear, more elaborate features like ponds will require considerable maintenance. No water feature is perfect or maintenance free. Ponds, rivers and lakes deal with water circulation and support an intricate balance of life forms that will need to be kept carefully controlled. Any artificially created feature that requires interaction of different natural elements will have to be watched and regularly adjusted since Mother Nature is not the one in charge.

More involved water features need to be built properly with provisions made for maintenance and repair. Be aware that anything that involves water can be a potential breeding site for mosquitoes. Living creatures will be dependent on water that is kept clean and safe. And the more water that is involved, the more wise stewardship will be demanded.

If you don’t want to deal with the time, expense and work involved in maintaining one of the more involved water features you might want to consider building a pondless waterfall – a waterfall that flows into a covered or rocky area where it is recycled without an open exposed pond. There is less need for fish or plants and less concern about algae or mosquitoes.

A fountain will also give you the delightful sound of water. Fountains can come in many forms. They can blend naturally into the garden, be built as artistic sculptures or be purchased ready-made in styles that can enhance just about any theme or design. Fountains will still need to be cleaned and can harbor mosquitoes if allowed to sit idle. Pumps can burn out if water levels fall too low. And algae and dirt can build up. But maintenance will be much less in these water features.

You can even stay simple with a little table fountain that can be switched on and off, or a bird bath. Birdbaths can be highly ornamental and wildlife will love them.  These, too need watching and the water should be regularly changed.

Water features may require some work, but the rewards are huge. And there are products on the market that can help you deal with mosquitos, algae and other water feature issues. Apart from the beauty they add to your landscape, water features can offer the opportunity to grow a whole world of magical and beautiful water and bog plants.  They add texture, color and art. Water features will create a whole dimension of sound, reflected light and build a serenity into your garden that no other feature can offer.

Think carefully before adding a water feature to your landscape. Design it where it will have the most impact and be practical to care for. And build it properly so maintenance will be as easy as possible.  The right water feature in your landscape can give your garden a whole new dimension and make it a place where you will want to spend much more of your time.

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Tips on pond building

Excavate a pond

Building a pond

If you are building a pond, keep in mind design and practical issues.

Locate a pond where it will create a focal point, ideally in a place where it can be viewed and enjoyed from a seating area like a patio or from indoors through a window.

Build a pond that is proportional to the size of your yard.

Make sure your pond will receive at least 6 hours of sun if you want to grow water plants like water lilies.

Factor in ways to facilitate maintenance when pond building. Build in clean-out pipes, bottom drains, skimmers and pump houses that are not difficult to access. Make sure you include adequate filtration, especially if you plant on keeping fish.

Opt for the larger size pond rather than starting small and planning to enlarge your pond. Most people prefer the options you’ll get from a larger sized pond, like more or larger fish, more plants and a larger waterfall. Increasing the size of an already-built pond can be complicated so try to determine the right size from the start.

Avoid steps and ridges in the pond if you have raccoons or other animal pests in your area and plan on having fish. Steps are nice for setting in bog plants, but they also facilitate fishing by predators.

If you don’t plan on having fish, make sure you make provisions to control breeding mosquitoes.

Make sure your pond is at least 1000 gallons and at least 30” deep if you want to keep a few koi. If you want more koi build a larger pond. Koi need large ponds to thrive.

When building your pond plumbing leave plenty of room between pipes and use a larger gauge pipe rather than smaller. Larger pipe will allow for a freer flow of water, and by installing plenty of pipe between events like leaf traps, back flows and the pump itself (if you are using an in-line pump) you will be able to take pipes apart for repairs and have space to add additional mechanical parts. Ideally, stick to 2″ or larger PVC pipe.

Check into your local building codes before building your pond. For example, a pond that is more that 18” deep in California will require a 5’ high fence surrounding it since it will be treated like a swimming pool. A fenced-in pond makes little sense from a decorative point of view in most gardens.

Plan on safety. Pets and children are drawn to ponds and you need to keep in mind protecting them from accidents in or near a pond.  Also make sure your pond is not destroyed by your dogs – or from a neighbor dog — since many dogs will find your pond to be an irresistible invitation to go for a swim.

Research, design and plan your pond before you buy materials or dig.  Any time you devote to doing your homework is likely to save much more time and expense by avoiding future mistakes and regrets.

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Rescue ugly walls with a mural

mural on a fence

A fun mural at 'Annie's Annuals' (Photo by Jane Gates)

All too often walls fade into ugly necessities in the landscape. Wooden fences can fade and bleach over time and block walls that are necessary to divide garden areas or property lines stare blank and dreary out onto the rest of your landscape. Even the walls of your house can become a bland wall that adds nothing in your garden. There are ways to decorate your walls.

Murals are one interesting way to handle these uneventful areas. Think of plain, flat surfaces as perfect canvases for setting the mood of your garden. You can add color with the paints you choose, or create a locale theme with a picture of places around the world or environments like tropical, desert, ocean or woodland to embrace your garden. Other ideas are to paint patterns, designs or textures. You can mix hanging or three-dimensional art with your mural. Consider painting plants or flowers on the wall to add depth to your garden. You can even mix the painting with growing plants up or in the walls themselves. Ways to transform an ugly wall into something decorative is unlimited by subject matter, style and color.

Murals can be painted by professional mural painters, artistic friends or family. They can also become a family project . Letting children loose with paint and brushed on your ugly wall may produce some endearing art that will create family fun and be enjoyed for years.  Look into all the possibilities for turning your ugly walls into beautiful and fun murals.

Use outdoor paints so your artwork will last. Colors will likely fade in bright sun. But you should get years of colorful decoration from your mural and make something that is strictly utilitarian into an asset to your landscape

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Light up your garden with low voltage, solar and LCD effects

Garden lighting

Many effects are possible with garden lighting

When you light up a landscape you create a whole, magical world that invites you to explore the garden after dark. Lighting can make your home glow in a world of its own, make passageways decorative and safe to negotiate in the dark, turn your yard into a cheerful party or dinner locale, or entice you out to a nighttime retreat in your own backyard.

Once upon a time, lighting was limited to full-voltage flood lights that were difficult for design effects and ate up great chunks of electricity. Today you have a wide range of eco-friendly lighting options including low voltage, solar and LCD. All these offer different types of lighting with interesting selections of  features and designs. Some may look like table lamps, others like candles. Some can be spot lights, hung from above to bathe areas with light, or others can be hidden behind interesting shaped plants or objects that will become silhouetted when back-lit. There are styles of lamps perfect to dangle from above and styles fabricated to run in long, flexible strips of tiny LCD lights so you can draw outlines in sparkling color.

Use a combination of lighting forms to paint your own nighttime picture. Remember to make passageways glow so people can see where they are stepping. Add the brightest lights at an attention-getting focal point and in areas where people will gather. And slip in subtle lighting like the small, soft shine from solar lamps in clusters to gently underscore an area of colorful flowers, or trail them up the path of a curving hillside stairway.

Lighting can make  your property into a piece of glowing art work once the sun sinks below the horizon. A well-lit garden will look like an entirely different location than it does during the day. So light up your garden with low voltage, solar and LCD effects. You will want to use your space outdoors as much during the night hours as during the day. And when being outdoors is not as comfortable as your lighting makes it look, you can always enjoy looking at your garden at night from indoors. The light-sculptured garden will make your windows and glass doors show off  your garden like fine art paintings.

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Professional landscape, design and garden help

Who're you gonna call for landscape help?

Sometimes it’s hard to figure out who you need to call for help with your landscape. Some people want to have everything done for them, others want create their garden as a do-it-yourself project – maybe with just an occasional bit of advice to avoid expensive mistakes, and still others want a combination expert help mixed in with their own efforts. Here is a brief, general list to help you shop for professional landscape, design and garden help.

Call a horticultural or garden designer/consultant if:

*You want to do some or all of the job yourself and could use some extra knowledge in design, which plants are appropriate where, or want creative ideas in construction, materials, plant selection, problem solving or artistic approaches.

*You need plans on paper drawn to show to others (such as associations, gardeners, or contractors).

*You are concerned about ‘custom’ issues: specific styles, child or pet safety, edibles, ecology, fire resistance, native plantings, etc.

*You want creative or unique design ideas and/or out-of-the-ordinary plants (for example, native plants or plants to create a special theme). Or you want something really artistic, environmental, cutting edge or unusual. (Make sure your designer/consultant has an artistic or appropriately creative background.)

Call a garden coach if:

*You want to do things yourself, but you can use some expertise and direction in design, gardening or technical gardening or hardscape (permanent feature) issues.

*You want private gardening lessons.

Call a landscape architect if:

*You need major construction done or you need highly technical design/building advice.

*You have an elaborate and/or extensive design requiring specific construction details and drawings.

*You want official ‘blue print’ designing.

*You want a highly creative full design for your property. (Again, check the credentials and the work of the person you want to use to see if the style and capability is a match to your expectations.)

Call a nursery if:

*You need plants. Some can provide interesting and unusual choices as well as the regular fare. There are even specialist nurseries that will let you sort through various cultivars of your favorite types of plants.

*You want a simple, standard design with readily available plants. For nurseries that provide this service, these will be your least expensive quotes. Be aware that few nurseries employ artistic designers and many know more about selling plants than they do about designing or installing a garden. There are nurseries that have fine services to offer outside of the nursery and there are nurseries owned by hobbyists who know they can’t pass contractor or master gardener exams but always wanted to plant gardens. Again, do your research if you want to use a nursery for more than just buying plants. A poorly designed or planted landscape can become a disaster and a huge expense in the future.

*You need someone to install your plants/trees/gardens or (if this service is provided) to install your sprinkler systems. Expect labor help, not design input. Most nurseries will only install their own plants.

Call a landscaping company if:

*You want a basic design done and installed. The same cautions apply as for nurseries. Low and high bids are not enough to make judgment calls. Find out what you are getting for your money. Only a few companies keep talented designers on staff.  Some outsource good designers.  Some use generic designs adapted to your space.  Some have little to no sense of design but want to be designers (the same with some nursery owners) and should be avoided for purposes of design. If you already have your design done, then check the installation work quality of the landscape company you are considering by visiting some of their completed jobs.

Call a pool company if:

*You need a pool or Jacuzzi constructed. For any permanent structure, you need someone with the appropriate contractors’ license and knowledge of state and local construction codes and permits.

*You want water gardening. Some pool companies also specialize in building ponds, waterfalls and other water features.

Call a specialist if:

*You need masonry (stone, brick or cement work), carpentry (wood and other material construction), electrical, or special features such as waterfalls and ponds, or murals and sculptures. For tree issues, it is always worthwhile to get in a certified arborist.

Call a landscape contractor if:

*You need any of the above services coordinated or overseen.
*You need to know about state and local codes and permits.

*You want a person who may be able to provide you with a combination of some of the specific skills listed above. Individual contractors vary in their abilities, so ask lots of questions before deciding how best to use a specific landscape contractor.

Call a garden service if:

*You basically need a lawn mower/blower. Don’t expect most garden services to carefully trim, transplant, divide or clip your plants.  Be careful with weeding since a lot of service employees do not know the difference between your favorite plants when small and a weed. Do not use these folks for designing. Most have no artistic sense whatsoever. Do check out who you hire if you need some genuine gardening help. There are some treasures hidden among the masses that really know and love gardening. Expect to pay more for knowledgeable people. Like everything else in live, you usually get what you pay for!

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Some of the best shade trees to plant in Los Angeles

Mesquite tree

Look for drought-tolerant trees like the Mesquite

There are many trees that do well across the Los Angeles area. Each type of tree has its own special growth pattern, characteristic looks and cultural needs. The first thing to keep in mind in selecting the best shade tree to plant is whether you want an evergreen tree or one that will lose its leaves in the winter (deciduous).  An advantage to evergreens is that they look green and lush all year round. For planting near the house, deciduous trees have the advantage of cooling the house during hot summers while allowing the sun to penetrate and warm your home when it gets chilly in the winter. Both trees will drop leaves naturally. Whereas the evergreen sheds a little all year round, the deciduous tree will dump its leaves all at once. It’s you choice as to how you want to handle clean-up after your tree.

Other features you need to consider to select the best shade tree for your Los Angeles home is the shape of the tree, how tall and wide it will grow, if your microclimate is the right one for the tree you want, what kind of flowers, berries, seed pods or other features the tree will have – and how much litter these will cause when those features are dropped to the ground. Some trees have surface or invasive roots, some have peeling bark and some have branches that break easily in the Santa Ana winds common to the Los Angeles area.

Some of the old favorite trees may not be right for your yard. Weeping Willows, Cottonwoods and White Birches are very popular but rarely get the kind of water they need. They prefer to grow near streams where the water table is high. Pines and fir trees offer a woodland effect, but are highly flammable for areas vulnerable to wildfires.  Choose your palm trees carefully, too, as some look charming when young but grow up looking chunky or crass, or worse, turn into nothing but trunks in your yard so it’s like having a living telephone pole in your landscape.

Grow the right tree in the right place and almost any tree will look great. Magnolias are fine trees to grow in Los Angeles so long as surface roots won’t be a problem. The showy flowers of the Jacaranda are beloved as they blossom out into lavender-purple trees in spring time. Just don’t plant them where the sticky flowers will glue themselves to cars or structures below.

If you don’t mind petal drop, the small, umbrella shaped Silk Mimosa makes a decorative, easy care. The larger growing ‘Purple Robe’ Locust is colorful and an easy grower. And the small Desert Willow blooms as decoratively as an oleander without the aphid problems and poisonous sap. These are some colorful, drought-tolerant deciduous trees that do well in almost any part of Los Angeles.

Large trees like the evergreen Camphor tree, the majestic, deciduous Tulip Tree and the orange, brush-flowered Australian evergreen Grevillea robusta also do well but need plenty of room to grow.

There are many colorful flowering trees like the Catalpa, the Fringe Tree, the Crepe Myrtle or the Chaste tree that grow small and colorful and can fit in most properties, even where space is limited.

Another consideration for Los Angeles landscapes is to choose water-wise plantings and trees. Drought tolerant trees will not only cut your water bills down, but they are beautiful and low maintenance. Check out the Mesquite, Blue Palo Verde, some palms and some of the showy Acacias for a start.

The Australian Willow (Geijera parvifolia) — not a willow at all — is a particularly well-behaved evergreen tree that is handsome, conveniently medium-sized and can even take some drought.  You might even enjoy growing an evergreen citrus tree with its fragrant blooms and tasty oranges, lemons, tangerines or other fruit as a bonus. Or try another fruit tree like peach or apple that blooms colorfully in the spring, fruits later in the season while casting its cooling shade, then offers bright autumn-hued foliage before dropping leaves for winter.

Chose carefully from the many Eucalyptus trees since some are better behaved than others and growth habits and sizes vary widely. There are many handsome varieties of Ash that will do well in Los Angeles gardens, too.

There are so many different trees that will be good choices for Los Angeles landscapes. Each tree has its pros and cons, so the best thing you can do is research the attributes you want for your own garden space to make sure you select the best tree. Just because you like the look of a tree doesn’t mean it will be the best choice for your landscape

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Ideas for designing the outdoor patio

Landscape patio

Patios put garden space to good use

Adding a patio to your backyard can change an ordinary yard into an irresistible invitation spend time outdoors. You can design an outdoor patio in large or small areas. Most will be considered part of your hardscape as you will be using them as permanent features of your garden. Here are some ideas you might want to try when designing your outdoor patio.

If you have a small yard you can expand the useful space of your property like growing your home. Larger spaces are not limited to a single patio. And patios can be attached to the house, fastened to other structures or built to be completely free-standing.

Make your patio blend with the style of your house and garden. In fact, you can design your outdoor patio to accent character to your garden. One example might be building a patio cover out of giant bamboo canes or with a palm thatched patio cover to create a tropical theme. Or you might want to build your patio with a natural, inter-planted flagstone floor to accent a rustic or natural garden style. Another approach might be to use brick or stamp concrete with a brick design to echo brickwork on your house or to punch up an English garden theme.

Patios don’t have to be of any particular shape or size either. Build your patio so it works both functionally and aesthetically. Often houses and property lines are rigid and angular. Gardens can help soften these hard edges, but adding curves to your patio can also help make your backyard garden design flow better. Patios can form islands in larger landscapes or even key off each other like overlapping geometrical shapes or free-form spaces – maybe even placed on different levels.  They can wrap around structures. Or double as utility, entertainment or child or pet enclosures. You can even use patios as events between pergolas or pathways; offering places for seating or hidden garden spaces. Or consider building patios as artistic and functional areas between staircases as they lead down a hillside.

Think of your patio as an opportunity to stop and enjoy a resting area. It can be designed with a shade cover, outfitted with furniture to become an outdoor room, or surfaced with decorative, designed concrete for an artistic pause in your landscape. Yes, patios are handy to have in the landscape, but they can also be a lot more!

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Design concrete as landscape art

concrete

Pebble design in concrete at LotusLand Photo by Jane Gates

Once upon a time concrete was poured as big gray squares wherever someone wanted a patio or walkway. Then someone decided to add pigment powders that could be rubbed into the surface of the concrete or mixed into the cement itself to add alternatives to plain gray. Today concrete is designed in interesting shapes, colors and surfaced with a vast array of textures and effects.

You can now use concrete stamps that offer the opportunity to pattern the surface of cement so it looks like different kinds of stone, rock or wood grains or other textures. If you want to get creative you can make your own stamps or use existing textured items to press into soft concrete to form your own patterns and effects. While concrete is soft, before it sets, it is an ideal medium for impressing whatever you want. Any material with an interesting texture will cause a reverse indented image when pushed into the flat clay-like cement. You can use a repetitive pattern like stamping, a scratching pattern like broom strokes or you can even draw in to the surface. Textures can also be created in a negative format by sprinkling a material into the surface of soft cement that can be melted away leaving ‘footprints’. For example rock salt can be sprinkled so it sinks into the wet cement. When the concrete dries, the salt can be washed away leaving pock-marked effect. Make sure any material that dissolves away does not wash into areas where it could become toxic or ruin the surrounding soil quality. The concrete in hardscape structures, whether walls, floors or other landscape surfaces can become a major artistic addition to the landscape.

Another alternative to texturing the surface of cement is to press textures or interesting objects into the soft concrete.  The objects, overall design or the concrete surface can become landscape art. There is no limit to the kinds of effects you can get this way. Stones and gravel are frequently used this way either to form a random texture or create designs. Pieces of pottery, tiles or tumbled glass can form designs or even mosaic pictures. Sometimes interesting objects like marbles, industrial glass,metal findings, plastic castings or manufacturing waste cut-outs can be included. Another effect can be created by polishing down the surface of embedded objects so the concrete and the materials within are finished equally with a glossy smooth surface. Or sometimes colored sand or other fine abrasive materials are better left rough on the surface to form a non-skid surface over areas that are likely to be slippery when wet, like around a swimming pool. Materials for adding to cement are limited only by the imagination. But some practical considerations should be kept in mind. You don’t want to use materials that could become sharp, rust, disintegrate or become toxic over time.

Color can be added to the cement mix for an all-over tone, mixed in roughly to form marbling, scattered or painted into the surface or blended as a surface coat on concrete. There are acid stains that can create effects from brilliant color to metallic or plastic-like surfaces. These stains can be designed into artistic effects of blended colors, literal illustrations or designs in the landscape. And don’t forget you can design the concrete itself into interesting features like rocks and boulders, platforms, sculptures, caves, seating and more.

In short, concrete can mimic almost any material or have a character all its own. It can become a medium for art or the art itself. As a result, concrete has graduated from bland driveways and sidewalks into retaining walls, dance floors, art structures and counter tops both indoors and out. So when you are planning out your garden, think of concrete as an exciting opportunity to create something really interesting. Today’s use of concrete has evolved into a practical but highly ornamental medium for designing in outdoor landscapes.

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